学习多样化的技能是机器人技术的主要挑战之一。为此，模仿学习方法取得了令人印象深刻的结果。这些方法需要明确标记的数据集或采用一致的技能执行，以使学习和积极控制单个行为，从而限制其适用性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种合作的对抗方法，用于从未标记的数据集中获得可控技能的单一多功能策略，该数据集包含各种状态过渡模式，通过最大化其可区分性。此外，我们表明，通过在生成的对抗性模仿学习框架中利用无监督的技能发现，新颖而有用的技能随着成功的任务实现而出现。最后，在示威中编码的各种技能的忠实复制中，对获得的多功能策略进行了测试，并呈现了忠实的复制。

学习敏捷技能是机器人技术的主要挑战之一。为此，加强学习方法取得了令人印象深刻的结果。这些方法需要根据奖励功能或可以在模拟中查询的专家来提供明确的任务信息，以提供目标控制输出，从而限制其适用性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种生成的对抗方法，用于从部分和潜在的物理不兼容的演示中推断出奖励功能，以成功地获得参考或专家演示的成功技能。此外，我们表明，通过使用Wasserstein gan公式和从以粗糙和部分信息为输入的示范中进行过渡，我们能够提取强大的策略并能够模仿证明的行为。最后，在一个名为Solo 8的敏捷四倍的机器人上测试了所获得的技能，例如后空飞弹，并对手持人类示范的忠实复制进行了测试。

设计人工代理商是一个长期的梦想，可以通过内在动机有效地探索其环境，这类似于孩子们的表演方式。尽管最新的本质上动机增强学习（RL）的进步，但在物体操纵方案中的样本效率探索仍然是一个重大挑战，因为大多数相关信息都在于稀疏的代理对象和对象对象相互作用。在本文中，我们建议使用结构化的世界模型将关系电感偏置纳入控制回路中，以实现组成多对象环境中的样品效率和相互作用富含的探索。通过计划未来的新颖性结构化世界模型，我们的方法生成了自由播放的行为，这些行为早期就开始与对象交互，并随着时间的推移发展更复杂的行为。我们的方法不仅仅是使用模型来计算固有的奖励，我们的方法表明，良好模型和良好探索之间的自我增强周期也开辟了另一条途径：通过基于模型的计划，零击向下游任务。在完全固有的任务不足探索阶段之后，我们的方法解决了诸如堆叠，翻转，拾取和地点之类的挑战性下游任务，并投掷，这些任务概括为看不见的数字和对象的安排，而无需任何其他培训。

Logic Mill is a scalable and openly accessible software system that identifies semantically similar documents within either one domain-specific corpus or multi-domain corpora. It uses advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to generate numerical representations of documents. Currently it leverages a large pre-trained language model to generate these document representations. The system focuses on scientific publications and patent documents and contains more than 200 million documents. It is easily accessible via a simple Application Programming Interface (API) or via a web interface. Moreover, it is continuously being updated and can be extended to text corpora from other domains. We see this system as a general-purpose tool for future research applications in the social sciences and other domains.

The analysis of network structure is essential to many scientific areas, ranging from biology to sociology. As the computational task of clustering these networks into partitions, i.e., solving the community detection problem, is generally NP-hard, heuristic solutions are indispensable. The exploration of expedient heuristics has led to the development of particularly promising approaches in the emerging technology of quantum computing. Motivated by the substantial hardware demands for all established quantum community detection approaches, we introduce a novel QUBO based approach that only needs number-of-nodes many qubits and is represented by a QUBO-matrix as sparse as the input graph's adjacency matrix. The substantial improvement on the sparsity of the QUBO-matrix, which is typically very dense in related work, is achieved through the novel concept of separation-nodes. Instead of assigning every node to a community directly, this approach relies on the identification of a separation-node set, which -- upon its removal from the graph -- yields a set of connected components, representing the core components of the communities. Employing a greedy heuristic to assign the nodes from the separation-node sets to the identified community cores, subsequent experimental results yield a proof of concept. This work hence displays a promising approach to NISQ ready quantum community detection, catalyzing the application of quantum computers for the network structure analysis of large scale, real world problem instances.

The following article presents a memetic algorithm with applying deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for solving practically oriented dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problems (DRC-FJSSP). In recent years, there has been extensive research on DRL techniques, but without considering realistic, flexible and human-centered shopfloors. A research gap can be identified in the context of make-to-order oriented discontinuous manufacturing as it is often represented in medium-size companies with high service levels. From practical industry projects in this domain, we recognize requirements to depict flexible machines, human workers and capabilities, setup and processing operations, material arrival times, complex job paths with parallel tasks for bill of material (BOM) manufacturing, sequence-depended setup times and (partially) automated tasks. On the other hand, intensive research has been done on metaheuristics in the context of DRC-FJSSP. However, there is a lack of suitable and generic scheduling methods that can be holistically applied in sociotechnical production and assembly processes. In this paper, we first formulate an extended DRC-FJSSP induced by the practical requirements mentioned. Then we present our proposed hybrid framework with parallel computing for multicriteria optimization. Through numerical experiments with real-world data, we confirm that the framework generates feasible schedules efficiently and reliably. Utilizing DRL instead of random operations leads to better results and outperforms traditional approaches.

The acquisition of high-quality human annotations through crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is more challenging than expected. The annotation quality might be affected by various aspects like annotation instructions, Human Intelligence Task (HIT) design, and wages paid to annotators, etc. To avoid potentially low-quality annotations which could mislead the evaluation of automatic summarization system outputs, we investigate the recruitment of high-quality MTurk workers via a three-step qualification pipeline. We show that we can successfully filter out bad workers before they carry out the evaluations and obtain high-quality annotations while optimizing the use of resources. This paper can serve as basis for the recruitment of qualified annotators in other challenging annotation tasks.

We present NusaCrowd, a collaborative initiative to collect and unite existing resources for Indonesian languages, including opening access to previously non-public resources. Through this initiative, we have has brought together 137 datasets and 117 standardized data loaders. The quality of the datasets has been assessed manually and automatically, and their effectiveness has been demonstrated in multiple experiments. NusaCrowd's data collection enables the creation of the first zero-shot benchmarks for natural language understanding and generation in Indonesian and its local languages. Furthermore, NusaCrowd brings the creation of the first multilingual automatic speech recognition benchmark in Indonesian and its local languages. Our work is intended to help advance natural language processing research in under-represented languages.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

State-of-the-art language models are often accurate on many question-answering benchmarks with well-defined questions. Yet, in real settings questions are often unanswerable without asking the user for clarifying information. We show that current SotA models often do not ask the user for clarification when presented with imprecise questions and instead provide incorrect answers or "hallucinate". To address this, we introduce CLAM, a framework that first uses the model to detect ambiguous questions, and if an ambiguous question is detected, prompts the model to ask the user for clarification. Furthermore, we show how to construct a scalable and cost-effective automatic evaluation protocol using an oracle language model with privileged information to provide clarifying information. We show that our method achieves a 20.15 percentage point accuracy improvement over SotA on a novel ambiguous question-answering answering data set derived from TriviaQA.